| Content | Xanthan Gum is a polysaccharide, derived from the bacterial coat of Xanthomonas campestris, used as a food additive and rheology modifier, commonly used as a food thickening agent (in salad dressings, for example) and a stabilizer (in cosmetic products, for example, to prevent ingredients from separating). It is produced by the fermentation of glucose, sucrose, or lactose by the Xanthomonas campestris bacterium. After a fermentation period, the polysaccharide is precipitated from a growth medium with isopropyl alcohol, dried, and ground into a fine powder. Later, it is added to a liquid medium to form the gum.
Biosynthesis
BiosynthesisSynthesis originates from glucose as substrate for synthesis of the sugar nucleotides precursors UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronate, and GDP-mannose that are required for building the pentasaccharide repeat unit. This links the synthesis of xanthan to the central carbohydrate metabolism. The repeat units are built up at undecaprenylphosphate lipid carriers that are anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane. Specific glycosyltransferases sequentially transfer the sugar moieties of the nucleotide sugar xanthan precursors to the lipid carriers. Acetyl and pyruvyl residues are added as non-carbohydrate decorations. Mature repeat units are polymerized and exported in a way resembling the Wzy-dependent polysaccharide synthesis mechanism of Enterobacteriaceae. Products of the gum gene cluster drive synthesis, polymerization, and export of the repeat unit.
Uses
One of the most remarkable properties of Xanthan Gum is its ability to produce a large increase in the viscosity of a liquid by adding a very small quantity of gum, on the order of one percent. In most foods, it is used at 0.5%, and can be used in lower concentrations. The viscosity of xanthan gum solutions decreases with higher shear rates; this is called shear thinning or pseudoplasticity. This means that a product subjected to shear, whether from mixing, shaking or even chewing, will thin out, but once the shear forces are removed, the food will thicken back up. A practical use would be in salad dressing: the xanthan gum makes it thick enough at rest in the bottle to keep the mixture fairly homogeneous, but the shear forces generated by shaking and pouring thins it, so it can be easily poured. When it exits the bottle, the shear forces are removed and it thickens back up, so it clings to the salad. Unlike other gums, it is very stable under a wide range of temperatures and pH.
In foods, xanthan gum is most often found in salad dressings and sauces. It helps to prevent oil separation by stabilizing the emulsion, although it is not an emulsifier. Xanthan gum also helps suspend solid particles, such as spices. Also used in frozen foods and beverages, xanthan gum helps create the pleasant texture in many ice creams, along with Guar Gum and locust bean gum. Toothpaste often contains xanthan gum, where it serves as a binder to keep the product uniform. Xanthan gum (when sometimes not made from wheat—see Allergies for gluten-free allergy information) is also used in gluten-free baking. Since the gluten found in wheat must be omitted, xanthan gum is used to give the dough or batter a "stickiness" that would otherwise be achieved with the gluten. Xanthan gum also helps thicken commercial egg substitutes made from egg whites, to replace the fat and emulsifiers found in yolks. It is also a preferred method of thickening liquids for those with swallowing disorders, since it does not change the color or flavor of foods or beverages at typical use levels.
In the oil industry, xanthan gum is used in large quantities, usually to thicken drilling mud. These fluids serve to carry the solids cut by the drilling bit back to the surface. Xanthan gum provides great "low end" rheology. When the circulation stops, the solids still remain suspended in the drilling fluid. The widespread use of horizontal drilling and the demand for good control of drilled solids has led to its expanded use. It has also been added to concrete poured underwater, to increase its viscosity and prevent washout.
In cosmetics, xanthan gum is used to prepare water gels, usually in conjunction with bentonite clays. It is also used in oil-in-water emulsions to help stabilize the oil droplets against coalescence. It has some skin hydrating properties. Xanthan gum is a common ingredient in fake blood recipes, and in gunge/slime.
| ITEMS | STANDARD | | Appearance | white or cream-color and free-flowing powder | | Viscosity | 1200 - 1600 mpa.s[ 1% Xanthan Gum in 1% KCl Brookfield, LVTD,spindle 3.60rpm, 25] | | Assay(on dry basis) | 91.0 - 108.0% | | Loss on drying(105oC, 2hr) | 6.0 - 12.0% | | V1 : V2: | 1.02 - 1.45 | | Pyruvic Acid | ≥ 1.5% | | PH of 1% solution in water | 6.0 - 8.0 | | Heavy metals(as Pb) | ≤ 20 mg/kg | | Lead(Pb) | ≤ 5 mg/kg | | Arsenic(As) | ≤ 2 mg/kg | | Nitrogen | ≤ 1.5% | | Ash | ≤ 13% | | Particle size | 80 mesh: 100% min, 200 mesh: 92% min | | Total plate count | ≤ 2000/g | | Yeasts and moulds | ≤ 100/g | | Pathogens germs | absence | | S. aureus | Negative | | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Negative | | Salmonella sp. | Negative | | C. perfringens | Negative |
| Properties White or colorless crystals, efflorescent in air, easily soluble in water but not in organic solution. Its water solution is alkaline. PH value of 1% solution is 12.1, relative density at 1.62, melting point is 73.4℃ Uses Used as a water softening agent, cleaning agent in electroplating, color fixer in fabric dyeing and flux in enamel ware manufacturing and so on.
| ITEMS | STANDARDs | | Main contents % >=</td> | 98 | | Phosphorus pentoxide % >=</td> | 18.3 | | Chloride, as cl % =< | 0.3 | | Sodium oxide, as Na2O % =< | 15.5-19 | | Sulfate, as SO4 % =< | 0.5 | | Water insoluble % =< | 0.1 | | Phosphorous acid is in Colorless, transparent and syrupy liquid or rhombic crystalline; Phosphorus acid is odorless and tastes very sour; its melting point is 42.35℃ and when heated to 300℃ phosphorous acid will become into meta Phosphoric Acid; its relative density is 1.834 g/cm3;phosphoric acid is easily soluble in water and resolves in ethanol; Phosphate acid may irritate human skin to cause phlogosis and destroy the issue of human body; phosphorus acid shows corrosiveness being heated in ceramic vessels; phosphate acid has got hydroscopicity.
Phosporic Acid Uses :
Technical grade Phosphoric Acid may be used to produce variety of Phosphates, electrolyte treatment liquids or chemical treatment liquids, refractory mortar with phosphoric acid and inorganic coheretant. Phosporic acid is also used as a catalyst, drying agent and cleaner. In coating industry phosphoric acid is used as a rust-proof coating for metals; As a acidity regulator and nutrition agent for yeast food grade phosphoric acid may be applied to flavors, canned food and light drinks as well as used in wine brewery as a nutrients source for yeast to prevent the reproduction of useless bacteria.
| Specifications | Phosphoric Acid Industrial Grade | Phosphoric Acid Food Grade | | Appearance | Colorless, transparent syrupy liquid or in very light color | | Colour | ≤ 30 | ≤ 20 | | Assay (as H3PO4 ) | ≥ 85.0% | ≥ 85.0% | | Chloride(as Cl- ) | ≤ 0.0005% | ≤ 0.0005% | | Sulphats(asSO42- ) | ≤ 0.005% | ≤ 0.003% | | Iron (Fe) | ≤ 0.002% | ≤ 0.001% | | Arsenic (As) | ≤ 0.005% | ≤ 0.0001% | | Heavy metals,as Pb | ≤ 0.001% | ≤ 0.001% | | Oxidable matter (asH3PO4) | ≤ 0.012% | no | | Fluoride,as F | ≤ 0.001% | no |
| In feed industry :
Lysine is a kind of amino acid, which can't be compounded automatically in the animal body. It is indispensable for lysine to compound brain nerve, generative cell core protein and hemoglobin. Growing animals are prone to lack lysine. The faster animals grow, the more lysine animals need. So it is called the ‘growing amino acid’ So it has the function of increasing the practical utilities of feed, improving the meat quality and promoting the trowth of animals.
In food industry :
Lysine is one of important compositions of protein. The body requires Lysine which is one of eight essential amino acids, but cannot synthesize it so it must be provided in the diet. For a good enhancing agent, add lysine to potables, rice, flour, and it will rise up the rate for utilizing protein so that it can enhance food nutrition greatly. It is also an efficient dietary supplement in improving growth, adjusting appetite, reducing diseases, and making the body stronger. It can deodorize and keep fresh in tinned food.
In Pharmaceutical Industry :
Lysine is available for formatting compound amino acid infusion and making effection better than hydrolytic protein withless side-effects. It can be made a nutritional enhancing agent with various Vitamins and glucoses, and is easily absorbed in the gastrointestine after consumption. Lysine can also better the performances of some drugs and improve their efficiency
Lysine food grade
| ITEM | STANDARD | | Specific Roation[a]D20 | +20.4°-+21.4° | | Assay >= % | 98.5-101.5 | | Loss on Drying =< % | 0.4 | | Heavy Metals( As Pb) =< % | 0.0015 | | Residue on Ignition =< % | 0.1 | | Chloride(As Cl) =< % | 19.0-19.6 | | Sulfate(SO4) =< % | 0.03 | | Iron( As Fe) =< % | 0.003 | | Organic Volatile Impurities | Meet The requirement |
Lysine feed grade 65%
| ITEM | FC12062509 | | Apperance | White or Light-brown granules | | Identification | Positive | | [C6H14N2O2].H2SO4Content(Dry basis) >= % | 51.0 | | Loss on drying =< % | 3.0 | | Residue on ignition=< % | 4.0 | | Chloride(As Cl) =< % | 0.02 | | PH | 3.0-6.0 | | Lead =< % | 0.02 | | Arsenic( As As) =< % | 0.0002 | | Heavy Metals ( As Pb) =< % | 0.003 |
Lysine feed grade 98.5%
| ITEM | FC12062601 | | Apperance | White or Light-brown granules | | Identification | Positive | | [C6H14N2O2].H2SO4Content(Dry basis) >= % | 98.5 | | Specific Roation[a]D20 | +18°-+21.5° | | Loss on drying =< % | 1.0 | | Residue on ignition =< % | 0.3 | | Chloride(As Cl) =< % | 0.02 | | PH | 5.6-6.0 | | Ammonium(As NH4) =< % | 0.04 | | Arsenic( As As) =< % | 0.003 | | Heavy Metals ( As Pb) =< % | 0.003 | | Citric acid is a weakorganic acid. It is a natural preservative conservative and is also used to add an acidic, or sour, taste to foods and soft drinks. In biochemistry, the conjugate base of citric acid, citrate, is important as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, and therefore occurs in the metabolism of virtually all living things.
It is Colorless or white crystalline powder and mainly used as an acidulant, flavorant and preservative preservative in foods and beverages. It is also used as an antioxidant, plasticizer and detergent, builder.
Used in food, beverage industries as acidulous agent, flavoring Used in food, beverage industries as acidulous agent, flavoring agent, and preservative, also used in detergent, electric plating, and chemical industries as oxidation inhibitor, plasticizer etc.
Citric acid is an organic acid found a variety of fruits and Acidity regulators vegetables, but it is most concentrated in lemons and limes. It is a natural preservative and is also used to add an acidic (sour) taste to foods and soft drinks. In biochemistry, it is important as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle (see last paragraph) and therefore occurs in the metabolism of almost all living things. Excess citric acid is readily metabolized and eliminated from the body. Citric acid is an antioxidant. It is also used as an environmentally friendly cleaning agent.
| ITEMS | STANDARD | | Characteristic | White Crystal Powder | | Identification | Pass test | | Clarity & color of solution | Pass test | | Moisture | ≤1.0% | | Heavy Mentals | ≤10ppm | | Oxalate | ≤360PPM | | Readily carbonisable substances | Pass test | | Sulphated Ash | ≤0.1% | | Sulphate | ≤150PPM | | Purity | 99.5-100.5% | | Bactreial Endotoxin | ≤0.5 IU/MG | | Aluminium | ≤0.2PPM | | Mesh size | 30-100MESH/10-40MESH |
| Hypromellose (INN), short for hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), is a semisynthetic, inert, viscoelastic polymer used as an ophthalmic lubricant, as well as an excipient and controlled-delivery component in oral medicaments, found in a variety of commercial products. As a food additive, hypromellose is an emulsifier, thickening and suspending agent, and an alternative to animal gelatin. Its Codex Alimentarius code (E number) is E464.
| ITEMS | STANDARD | | Apperance | white to grey while,odourless,tasteless powder | | Apparent density,g/cm3 | 0.25~0.70 | | Chromotropic temperature, ℃ | 190~200 | | Carbonification temperature, ℃ | 225~230 | | Densitykg/L | 1.39 | | Relative flammability(700℃ in furnace) | 90+ | | Density,kg/L,1% solution | 1.0012 | | 5%solution | 1.0117 | | 10%solution | 1.0245 | | Refractive index | 1.336 | | Specific volume of given concentration,mL/g | 0.717~0.767 | | Surface tension,,25℃,mN/m | 44~56 | | Interfacial tension(in paraffin oil),25℃,mN/m | 18~30 | | Fel temperature,℃ | 54~70 | | Relative density | 1.29 | | Area factor(0.0025mm),m2/kg | 36.7 | | water steam,37℃,90%~100%,rh | 520 | | oxygen,24℃ | 560 | | Tensile strength,24℃,50%rh,MPa | 58.6~61 | | Elongation rate,24℃,50%rh,% | 5-10 | | UV stability,500rh | excellent | | Oil resistance | excellent | | UV light transmittance,400nm% | 82 | | 290nm% | 34 | | 210nm% | 6 | | Refractive index | - | | Softening point, ℃ | 240 | | Melting point℃ | 260 | | Carbonification temperature,℃ | 270 | |
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